MORACEAE

Ficus abutilifolia

Large-leaved Rock Fig

Trees & Shrubs

Local Context

Sparsely occurs across the estate, mostly in its favoured habitat of cracks in rocks, but also on the rocky crest of hills and along streams. AT RV23, one even germinated in a Knobthorn (Senegalia nigrescens) and has been growing for multiple years in a hollow between two branches.

Identification

Growth: Shrub or tree (up to 15 m high) that grows in the ground or on rocks (rock-splitter), often with white bark.
Flowers: The true flowers are tiny and hidden inside the round, fruit-like figs.
Leaves: Large, round to heart-shaped (6–20 cm wide) with a deeply indented base and wavy edges, carried on long stalks.
Texture: Leaves are thick and leathery, usually smooth on top but often velvety or hairy underneath; the bark on young branches often peels or flakes off.
Fruit: Round figs (1.2–2.5 cm wide) appearing in pairs on short stalks or no stalks, turning red or yellow with white spots when ripe.

Did You Know?

This tree occurs across tropical Africa and is famous for being a rock-splitter. Its powerful, pale roots grow into tiny cracks in solid stone, searching for water. As the roots get thicker, they act like a slow-motion wedge, exerting enough pressure to split massive boulders apart. This allows the tree to anchor itself firmly on steep cliffs where other plants cannot grow. These white, twisting roots often drape down rock faces like liquid marble, traveling long distances to find a single source of moisture. By breaking the rock, the tree effectively creates its own soil over time, turning a harsh cliffside into a secure, permanent home.

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